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Tratado de actualización en Psiquiatría - Fascículo 4

  • Text
  • Diferencial
  • Alcohol
  • Priones
  • Sida
  • Huntington
  • Parkinson
  • Enfermedad
  • Demencia
  • Trastornos
  • Memoria
  • Deterioro
  • Trastorno
  • Dementia
  • Lewy
Trastornos Cognoscitivos - Parte 2 - Autores: Dr. Juan Cristóbal Tenconi / Dra. Judith Szulik

Trastorno cognoscitivo

Trastorno cognoscitivo // Tratamiento demencias con resultados favorables. En dosis que varían de 300 a 600mg/día suele ser bien tolerado, si bien deben tenerse muy presentes las interacciones medicamentosas cuando se prescribe este fármaco. El ácido valproico parece ser similar a la carbamacepina en cuanto a la eficacia (196). Intervenciones terapéuticas no farmacológicas Son fundamentales y siempre deben estar presentes a la hora de elaborar una estrategia de tratamiento. Las intervenciones no farmacológicas se sintetizan en la Tabla 9. Tabla 9 // Intervenciones terapéuticas no farmacológicas INTERVENCIÓN AMBIENTALES PSICOSOCIALES CARACTERÍSTICAS Entorno continente y familiar. Espacios seguros para deambulación. Iluminación suave y con colores calmos. Evitar elementos que atemoricen o confundan (espejos, timbres de teléfono de alto volumen, reformas en los ambientes, cambios en la ubicación de los muebles). Música "individualizada" (197,198). Psicoterapia individual, en los primeros estadios de la enfermedad (199). Psicoterapia familiar, elaboración de la crisis familiar frente al diagnóstico. Orientación familiar. Grupos de apoyo para cuidadores (200). Bibliografía 1. National Library of Medicine. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH®) thesaurus. Bethesda. 2005. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=mesh 2. Rabins PV. Reversible dementia and the misdiagnosis of dementia: a review. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1983; 34: 830-35. 3. Martínez Lage JM. Demencias: historia y concepto. En: Alberca R, López- Pousa S eds. Enfermedad de Alzheimer y otras demencias, 1 ed. España: Editorial Médica Panamericana; 1998. p. 23-34. 4. Katzman R. Luigi Amaducci Memorial Award Winner´s Paper 2003.A neurologist´s view of Alzheimer´s disease and dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2004; 16, 3: 259-73. 5. Kidd M. Paired helical filaments in electron microscopy in Alzheimer´s disease. Nature 1963; 197:192-3. 6. Terry RD. The fine structure of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer´s disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1963; 22: 629-42. 7. Bowen DM, Smith CB, White P, Davison AN. Neurotransmitterrelated enzymes and indices of hypoxia in senile dementia and other abiotrophies. Brain 1976; 99:459-96. 8. Davies P, Maloney AJR. Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer´s disease. Lancet 1976; 2:1403. 9. Perry EK, Perry RH, Blessed G, Tomlinson BE. Necropsy evidence of central cholinergic deficits in senile dementia. Lancet 1977; 1:189. 10. Wise MG, Gray KF. Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic Disorders. In: Hales RE, Yudovsky SC, Talbott JA editors. Textbook of Psychiatry, 2 ed. Washington DC: The American Psychiatric Press; 1994. p. 311-53. 11. Mangone CA, Arizaga RL, Allegri RF, Ollari JA. La demencia en Latinoamérica. Rev Neurol Arg 2000; 25,3: 108-12. 12. Rockwood K. Mixed Dementia: Alzheimer´s and Cerebrovascular Disease. Int Psychogeriatr 2003; 15, Suppl 1: 39- 46. 13. Finkel SI, Woodson C. 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